MAIL - 19 - Part - 26

This is in response to my friend's mail - http://debatebasedonscriptures.blogspot.in/2012/01/mail-18-part-2.html

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I Wrote - 

Dear Friend

There had been a bunch of good lessons for this world in all the marriages of prophet Mohammad. Among many other things, he exemplified before this world, how to rehabilitate a widowed woman and her children. His wives played a vital role in taking forward the prophetic mission to the next generation who in turn carried the message to the rest of the world. The wives of prophet Mohammad became role models for the women community of all times and most of them became scholars of their times.

​​

Here comes yet another marriage in dealing with the centuries old culture on Adopted Children. Prophet Mohammad had an adopted son named Zayd who was a slave freed by the prophet himself. Hence he was known as Zayd son of Mohammad. It was prophet Mohammad who arranged his marriage with a lady from within his own family. Her name was Zaynab daughter of Jahsh.

One key aspect of this marriage was that the male candidate Zayd was a freed slave and the ​female candidate Zaynab was from a rich and noble tribe. In the time of prophet Mohammed, freed slaves were treated as inferior second-class people, as it had been for centuries. The marriage didn't last for long.

"The marriage, however, was not a success. Although both Zaynab and Zayd were the best of people, who loved Allah and His Messenger, they were very different and in the end they could not overcome their incompatibility. Zayd asked the Prophet's permission to divorce Zaynab more than once, and although he was counselled to hold onto his wife and to fear Almighty God" - Ibn Kathir.

The social status of these two people created cracks in their marriage relation and it lasted only for one year.

The Seventh Marriage

The adopted son Zayd divorced his wife who was a cousin of the prophet. Here comes the crucial decision of marrying this divorced lady by prophet Mohammed himself. This marriage of prophet Mohammad was nothing but a demonstration of Islamic morals on the treatment of adopted children.

The society during the time of prophet Mohammad treated their adopted son just like how they treated their natural son, in every aspect of their life. In general it is a very good practice and that is exactly what prophet Mohammad was doing. 

But when it comes on the moral side, there is a big difference in treating an adopted son, just like a natural son. In a single sentence, the Islamic morality says that -

• What kind of moral distance is kept before the adoption of a male/female, should be kept even after the adoption.

It was for the materialization of this moral principle that prophet Mohammad married the divorced wife of his adopted son. A messenger who came to deliver the message of Almighty God by words and actions had to took the pain of marrying the divorced wife of his adopted son.

The Morale Behind The Morality

The morale is very high for this particular marriage of prophet Mohammad with the divorced wife of his adopted son. The 6th century adoption culture that didn't keep the moral distance, was in sharp contrast with the Morality Principles that Islam portrayed before this world. 

Islam has unambiguously defined the moral spectrum that should be maintained between men & women and for that, it brought forth the principal concept of 'Mahram'. 

• The word 'Mahram' denotes the person with whom a man/woman cannot marry.

The word 'Mahram" denotes an unmarriageable person (male/female). For a male it is forbidden to marry his mother, his sisters, his daughters, his brother's daughters, his sister's daughters etc. 

In order to maintain the Moral Integrity of the society, it has defined set of rules with respect to the concept of 'Mahram'. It clearly defines the Moral Distance that should be kept by a woman when dealing with a person whom she can marry. The moral distance should be kept in all the corners of life. For instance - 

"She should address marriageable men in a manner in which there is no softness, i.e. a woman should not address a marriageable man in the same way that she addresses her husband." - Ibn Kathir.

The Moral Spectrum

It is a spectrum of people with whom a woman can interact as if she is at home. The following verse gives a glimpse on the extend of spiral of this moral spectrum. 

"And tell the believing women to lower their gaze, and protect their private parts and not to show off their adornment except that which is apparent, and to draw their veils all over their Juyub (chests and ribs) and not to reveal their adornment except to

• their husbands, or 

• their fathers, or 

• their husband's fathers, or 

• their sons, or 

• their husband's sons, or

• their brothers or 

• their brother's sons, or 

• their sister's sons, or 

• their women, or 

• their right hand possessions, or 

• the servants and the like among men who do not have desire, or 

• children who are not aware of the nakedness of women." - Quran 24:31

The above verse explains the classes of people before whom a woman can interact in her homely appearance. Notably, an adopted son doesn't fall into this moral spectrum. Islam sees any person who is outside this spectrum as a stranger in the exact sense that the moral distance should be kept when dealing with such people.

​Inducting an adopted person (male/female) into this spectrum is a morality leak. In order to resolve this moral defect, Islam declared that the adopted son should be treated equally as that of a natural son except that he/she is out of this moral spectrum and hence the moral distance should be kept. 

This marriage of prophet Mohammad undoubtedly established the completeness of the moral spectrum.

will be continued ...

Greece Of Aristotle - Debate On Slavery - Intro - 8

Assalamualikum

May the peace and blessing of Almighty God be upon you

"These Greek City-States had no kings, but were governed by the rich citizens. The average man there had little or no say in the government. There were many slaves who had no right in the government, and women also had no rights." - Nehru, Glimpses of World History, page - 19.

The World Before Mohammad The Messenger of God

A bare minimum understanding of the conditions of this world before the arrival of Mohammad the Messenger of God should be learned prior to the understanding how he integrated the slave population with the mainstream  elite community.

Aristotle's View On Slavery

Man had ever been influenced by his circumstance. His thoughts and actions were mostly derived from the circumstance in which he lived. The Greek philosopher Aristotle was not an excuse to this.

Aristotle was a well known Greek philosopher who lived around 300 BC. He lived around 2300 years before the arrival of Mohammad The Messenger of God. He is being studied even today in universities, throughout the world. He said -

"Slavery is natural; in every department of the natural universe we find the relation of ruler and subject. There are human beings who, without possessing reason, understand it. These are natural slaves." - ARISTOTLE'S POLITICS, translated by Benjamin Jowett.

• Just like there was and there is black and white people by nature, Aristotle opined that some people became Slaves by nature!

• Just like there was and there is tall and short people by nature, Aristotle opined that some people became Slaves by nature!

If a well known philosopher like Aristotle thinks that some people became slaves by nature (!) then what would be the conditions of this world?

Tip Of the Iceberg

Aristotle's view on slavery was just a tip of the iceberg on the practice of this world with regards to Slaves. It is true that the historical Greece had a democratic constitution when compared with the then rest of the world. But even then the practice of slavery did NOT become an excuse to the Greek civilisation.

"It is true that this superlative democracy rested on slavery, that when Attic imperialism was at its height a hundred thousand citizens were surrounded by three hundred and sixty-five thousand slaves." - Page 123, Making of Humanity by Robert Briffault.

• There was a point in the Greek historical timeline at which majority of the population were Slaves!

The major reason for this plight was that Slavery and all its practices was a universally recognised one!

"But at a time when slavery was a universally recognized institution the condition of Attic slaves was so mild, except in the silver mines (the lot of miners is bad '. under all circumstances), that they never once revolted." - Page 123, Making of Humanity by Robert Briffault.

• No philosopher came to liberate this mankind from Slavery.

The conditions of the marginalised slave sailed from worse to worst.

"The social and intellectual questions developed in Greece between citizens and citizens, not between masters and slaves." - Ibid, Page 124.

• No philosopher came to educate the slave people.

Presence of Brothels

Another inevitable outcome of widespread slavery was the presence of Brothels. Slave women were kept at the brothels for nothing but flesh-trade. Continuous wars served as a major slave generating machines.

"At best all were sold into slavery, fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters separated and scattered in the markets of Delos and the brothels of the Levant. That was the way in  which those god-like Greeks of the Periklean age were in the habit of; dealing with a captured Greek town." - Page 32, Making of Humanity by Robert Briffault.

The then Greek government setup brothels so as to be used by the country's youth!

Finally, slavery lead Greece to its downfall.

"Slavery did exercise a profoundly pernicious effect upon Greek culture, and ultimately contributed to its downfall." - Ibid, Page 124.

History continues... its really deep.

Mohammad, The Slave & The Messenger of The Merciful

Here comes the importance of the arrival of Mohammad the Messenger of God. What he presented before this world was a major paradigm shift for this world.

• In specific terms, his mission was to unite this mankind under One God Who created them and what all that exists.

• In specific terms, his mission was to unite this mankind as The Slaves of The Merciful.

And for that, he taught this world, the essential qualities of a slave of The Merciful Almighty God.

Mohammad the messenger of God was incremental in the removal of slavery. It was an Integration rather than a removal. We are yet to see how he could heal the cancer named slavery through his marvellous 23 years of life as a Slave and a Messenger of The Merciful.

The Essential Qualities of a Slave of The Merciful

Mohammad the messenger of God gave this world a new breathe that it is the best for a human being to be the slave of The Merciful rather than a puny slave of a puny human. 

If a human is to become a slave then he has to be the slave of The Merciful Almighty God.

He called upon the masses to be the true slaves of Almighty God by submitting their life to the will of God. He recited the verses from the Glorious Quran.

• "And the slaves of the Most Gracious are those who walk on the earth with dignity and humility" - Quran 25:63.

He taught this mankind that don't be an arrogant master/slave. But be a slave of Almighty God with humility.

• "When the foolish address them they say; 'peace'". - Quran 25:63.

He taught this mankind that whenever a foolish person comes to for quarrel, then say 'peace'.

• "And those who spend the night in worship of their Lord, prostrate and standing."- Quran 25:64.

He taught this mankind that instead of plotting wars and destruction at night, spend the night for worshipping the Lord of the universe.

• "And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor stingy, but are in a just balance between them."- Quran 25:67.

He taught this mankind to spend their money in charity.

• "And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah, nor kill such person as Allah  (Almighty God) has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse"- Quran 25:68.

He taught this mankind to be the slaves of Almighty God, worship the One Who created you, don't kill and don't go for prostitution.

Regards
Nisam

<< Egypt The House of Slavery

Egypt The House Of Slavery - Debate On Slavery - Intro - 7

Assalamualikum

May the peace and blessings of Almighty God be upon you.

"Then take care lest you forget the LORD, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.” – Deuteronomy 6:12

Egypt had a long and well known history of slavery. Both the Old Testament (Torah) and the Glorious Quran gives solid evidences on presence of Slavery in the African country.

Torah On The Presence of Slavery in Egypt 

It is a well known history that the Israelites were being kept as slaves in Egypt. It was prophet Moses who rescued them from the persecutions in Egypt. It was Moses who brought the children of Israel out of Egypt the house of slavery.

"Then take care lest you forget the LORD, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.” – Deuteronomy 6:12

Here, the Israelites were being reminded of the blessings of Almighty God that He took them out of persecution i.e. out of Egypt.

Quran - On The Presence of Slavery In Egypt

The ten sons of prophet Jacob who were in Egypt, plotted to kill their own blood brother prophet Joseph who was a child. Eventually they decided to abandon him and they threw him inside a well.

Later on, there came a caravan of travellers.

"And there came a caravan of travellers and they sent their water-drawer, and he let down his bucket (into the well)." - Quran 12:19.

One of the traveller found a boy in the well.

"He said: "What good news! Here is a boy.'' - Quran 12:19.

They made him a commodity to be sold in the market.

"So they hid him as merchandise (a slave)." - Quran 12:19.

And they sold him in the slave market.

"And they sold him for a few Dirhams." - Quran 12:20.

Both the above testimonies show the presence of the centuries old practices of slavery in the Egyptian soil. Other historical sources also clearly confirm this point.

"There were four classes of property. The first was that of immovables, to which belonged land; the second, movables which were inanimate, such as tools, clothing, money, etc. ; the third, movables which were animate, such as animals and slaves." - THE LAW OF EGYPT - Page 63, Historical Jurisprudence by Guy Carleton Lee.  

In Egypt, the slaves were counted along with the domestic animals such as cow, sheep, dog etc.

The World Before Mohammad The Messenger Of God

A glimpse on the conditions of this world before the arrival of Mohammad The Messenger of God would help to understand how he put forward his message that was claimed to be the revelations from Almighty God. Learning the conditions of the world before his arrival  would help to understand how he cured The Cancer that this planet was affected with.

The Roman Empire and its alliance were fully immersed in slavery. They built amphitheatres for Gladiators The Bloody-Sport.  Now comes the Egypt. 

In his account on the eastern countries like Egypt, Briffault explains the secrets of the east.

"A somewhat unpleasant admission has to be made. That inevitable sequence of events,  that absolutism of the great empires of the morning- land's, that wholesale subjugation of human herds, that unresisted tyranny which was founded in the very heart of the slave," - SECRET OF THE EAST, Page 108, Making of Humanity by Robert Briffault.

'Wholesale subjugation of human herds' - These are the precise words used by Briffault to explain the plight of the cattle-grade population who were called slaves. The absolutism of the empires was imposed on the slave population. Those helpless slave population had to bare all such autocratic rulers with unresisted tyranny.

It went well beyond those tyrannies. They had to mentally prostrate before the 'divine power' to keep their lives alive.

"in mental prostration before divine power, that fearful, willing, loyal abjection, that kismet of the river-lands, that terrible secret of the East -" - Ibid.

- For the slave population, their masters were their 'God'.

The Foundation Of Egypt

"The glory and the majesty of ancient Greece and Rome, as of ancient Egypt, had for their foundation a system of widespread slavery." - Jawaharlal Nehru, Page 83, Glimpses of World History.

Going through the pages of history, It can be very clearly seen that the world was immersed in the practices of slavery. No country of this world was completely free from using humans as slaves. The terrible secret of Egypt was the foundation of widespread slavery.

"That terrible secret of the East - was the foundation, the indispensable foundation of civilization. Without it Greece, Europe would have been impossible. I call it an "unpleasant admission " because it would be fine to be able to say that human civilization is the child of freedom, that it is incompatible with tyranny and slavery." - Page 109, Making of Humanity by Robert Briffault.

Civilization is one of the indispensable part of human growth throughout the history. Egypt was not different from the rest of the world. It had a great civilization. But those civilization was marred by the practices of slavery. 

Civilization Built Using Kurbash

Kurbash is a tool for punishment. It is flexible and is about a yard in length. Egypt was known for the use of Kurbash. They used the Kurbash to discipline animals and slaves.

"As a matter of fact men never bethought themselves of building decent homes for themselves until they had seen gorgeous palaces and temples built with the tears and blood of thousands;" - Ibid, Page 109.

- Slaves were the 'manufacturing machines' for building enormous palaces.

"They never bethought themselves of living in reasonable comfort until they had witnessed the opulence and luxurious orgies of satraps and kings; they never bethought themselves of controlling the forces of nature till herds of human chattels under the kurbash of their slave-drivers had dug canals and artificial lakes, embanked rivers, and quarried mountains ;" - Ibid, Page 109.

- They built marvels under the kurbash of slave-drivers.

The 'Fruits' Of Slavery

"Commanding inexhaustible supplies of forced labour ready at hand to carry out their will, the priests of Sumer and Babylon and Egypt devised, contemplated, thought, discovered; they brought forth architectural and pictorial arts, crafts, industries, taught men to chisel stone, hammer and inlay metals, glaze pottery and tiles, blow glass, ..." - Ibid, Page 109.

Slaves became the symbol of forced labour. Never ending supply of slaves were one of the treasures of this world using which countries like Egypt built their country. Under the glory and the majesty of territorial emperors, there were the Sweat, the Blood and the Spoils
of the poor slaves.

Emperors Who Were 'god'

Egypt was known for god rulers. Emperors who dictated the country were almost treated as the god of the Egyptian people. These god rulers dictates their will and imposed it on the people, be it good or bad.

"In Egypt there was no republic, but a monarchy, and the ruler was not only supreme, but was considered almost a god."- Jawaharlal Nehru, Page 89, Glimpses of World History.

Above is only a tiny and extremely limited account on the conditions of this world, especially Egypt, before the arrival of Mohammad The Messenger of God.

Mohammad The Messenger of God

Eradication of Slavery by Integration. This is one of the precise wordings on what and how   he could achieve in the marvellous episode of treating one of the cancerous disease named Slavery.

Mohammad The Messenger of God didn't have the crown of any of the emperor. He didn't have the authority of any monastery. But he did have a profound message for the whole universe. 

Following were the three worst conditions of this world during arrival of Mohammad The Messenger of God.

• The world emperors of that time considered themselves as god.  
• The rich upper class people of that time considered themselves as masters of their slaves.
• The poor cattle-grade slave people had no option except being a cattle-grade slave of a rude master.

All such Emperors, all such Masters, all such Slaves, Mohammad The Messenger of God literally called them by one of the verses of Glorious Quran.

"There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Gracious as a slave." - Quran 19:93.

The above Quranic verse called the whole humanity to a common message, to a common platform. Never in the history, have we seen such a great message that called these three parties onto a common platform of unity.

• For an Emperor, the above Quranic verse reminded him - You are not god. There is only one God and that you are only a slave of Almighty God, The God of Universe.

• For  a Master, the above Quranic verse reminded him - You are not a master. There is only One Master and that you are only a slave of that Master, The Master of Universe.

• For a Slave, the above Quranic verse reminded him - You are not a Slave of a puny human; rather you are a slave of Almighty God, The Most Gracious to His slaves.

As a result - 

• Negus, The King of Ethiopia accepted the message.
• Slave masters in the Arabian continent started accepting the message.
• Downtrodden slave people in the Arabian continent started accepting the message.

And, the rest of the world started accepting this message of submission to The Master of The Universe.

The Message of Equilibrium

Historically speaking. This world had seen many thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle etc etc. No such great people could ever put forward such as great message of unity for this world, above what Mohammad The Messenger of God could put forward.

This message of Being the Slaves of Almighty God brought The Emperors, The Masters and The Slaves, shoulder to shoulder, in The Complete Submission to The Commands of Almighty God.

...

The Message of God's Slave & God's Messenger

Mohammad The Messenger of God said - "So, call me the Slave of Allah and His Messenger." - Imam Bukhari.

And it takes the whole 23 years of life of Mohammad The Messenger of God, the life of  his friends, his wives, his righteous companions, to understand how one can be a True Slave of Almighty God, instead of being a slave of a puny human.

Regards
Nisam

<< Gladiators - The Bloody Sport of The Roman Empire

Greece Of Aristotle >>

MAIL - 19 - Part - 25

I Wrote - 

Dear Friend 

"I am a woman whose best time hath gone, she said, and I am the mother of orphans. What is more, I have a nature of exceeding jealousy" - Muhammad, Life Based on Earliest Sources by Martin Lings.

This was the reply of the widow named Umm Salama when she was offered the hand of prophet Mohammad, in marriage.

He (prophet) answered: "As to age, I am older than thou; as to thy jealousy, I will pray God to take it from thee; as to thine orphan children, God and His Messenger will care for them." - Ibid.

Prophet Mohammad Offered His Hand In Marriage

There was an ideologically bound reason on why prophet Mohammad offered his hand in marriage to the lady named Umm Salama. 

"Abu Salamah's Islam became known; and this dismay was doubled when Hind or Umm Salamah, as she is always called - instead of leaving her husband became like him one of the most devoted followers of the Prophet."  - Muhammad, Life Based on Earliest Sources by Martin Lings. 

Here we see a couple who were among the staunch followers of prophet Mohammad. Their new faith was succeeded by persecutions from their own family, as it was, always.

"But Abu Salamah and Umm Salamah could hope for nothing but persecution from their own clan." - Ibid.

The fate of any such new believer was always on the edge of sword; at any time they will be attempted for their life, just because they proclaimed The True Oneness of Almighty God. And this highly imminent fate led her first husband to make a wow with her that - "He told her that if he died first she should marry again" - Ibid.

He didn't stop there, he supplicated to Almighty God that - "He prayed: 'God grant Umm Salamah after me a man who is better than me, one who will cause her no sadness and no hurt.'"- Ibid.

As he expected, the fate came - "The next month his cousin Abu Salamah died of a wound from (the battle of) Uhud which had closed too soon and broken out afresh." - Ibid.

As the leader of The Faithful,  prophet Mohammad was with them.

"The Prophet was with him at the end and prayed for him as he was breathing his last; and it was the Prophet who closed his eyes when he was dead."- Ibid.

- Her husband died for he stood firmly in proclaiming The Oneness of Almighty God. 

"Once again Umm Salama was alone, only now she had not one child, but several. There was no one to look after her and them." - Ibn Kathir.

- The lady became alone for she stood firmly in proclaiming The Oneness of Almighty God. 

"Abu Bakr proposed marriage to her, but she refused. Then Umar asked her to marry him, but again she refused." - Ibn Kathir.

- Prominent personalities of the city of Madina offered her their hand in marriage but she refused.

This was the historical context that lead prophet Mohammad to offer his hand in marriage.

The Sixth Marriage

"Four months after his death the Prophet came and asked for her hand in marriage." - Ibid.

And she replied -

Umm Salama said, "O Messenger of Allah! It is not because I do not want you, but I am very jealous and I fear that you might experience some wrong mannerism from me for which Almighty God would punish me. I am old and have children.'' - Ibn Kathir

Here comes the importance of the reply from prophet Mohammad. He said -

"• As for the jealousy that you mentioned, Allah the Exalted will remove it from you. 

 

 • As for your being old as you mentioned, I have suffered what you have suffered. 

 • And for your having children, they are my children too." - Ibn Kathir

Even though the lady had some worldly 'negative' points, the prophet took this lady as his wife and her children as his children.

The Widowed Lady on The Fate of The Marriage

"Almighty God gave me better in exchange than him. i.e. (I was taken as the wife of) the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)." - Imam Muslim.

- She was relieved by herself by having a messenger of  God as her husband, to look-after her and her children.

Her Role as a Wife

"She was also from a very noble family and known for her keen intelligence. On more than one occasion, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked her advice in tricky situations."- Ibn Kathir.

 

- Due to her intelligence, prophet had her advice in troublesome situations.

Her Contributions

"Like A'isha and Hafsa, Umm Salama learned the whole of the Qur'an by heart" - Ibn Kathir.

- She completely by hearted the entire Quran.

Her contribution for the next generation was vital that she reported the rules and regulations on the following titles from the life of prophet Mohammad.

• Characteristics of Prayer 

• Etiquette of Dressing

• Good Manners

• Divorce

• Fasting

• Marriage Rules

• Rules on Suckling

• Rules of recitation of Glorious Quran

The Impact of This Marriage

"Many of the Companions followed the Prophet's example, marrying widows and thereby bringing them and their children into the circle of their families, instead of leaving them to struggle on their own." - Ibn Kathir.

This marriage cemented A Great Norm for The Protection of the widows who perfectly submitted their life in the way of Almighty God.

will be continued ...

The Gladiators - Debate On Slavery - Intro - 6

Assalamualikum

May the peace and blessings of Almighty God be upon you.

"The rich people tried to lull the poor by games and contests in circuses, where gladiators were forced to fight and kill each other just to amuse the spectators." - Nehru, Glimpses of World History, Page 86

This is not the 20th century epic historical drama script directed by Ridley Scott. 

This is not the story of the Roman General, Maximus Decimus Meridius who became a Slave, then became a Gladiator who rose through the ranks of the gladiatorial arena to avenge the murder of his family and his Emperor.

This is the story of unnumbered hundreds of thousands of people who were physically crumbled into ashes by the so called sport mentioned by the noted historian and the first prime minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru.

The World Before Mohammad The Messenger of God

Rome was one of the super power of this world when Mohammad The Messenger of God came.

Nehru explains the conditions of Rome.

"But disorders increased in the Roman State. There were insurrections and massacres, and bribery and corruption during the elections. Even the poor, down-trodden slaves rose in revolt under a gladiator named Spartacus." - Glimpses of World History, Page 86

- Slaves had to revolt against their masters, for their life.

"But they were crushed ruthlessly, and it is said that 6000 of them were crucified on the Appian Way in Rome" - Ibid.

Those revolts did not help them but were crushed and they were crucified ruthlessly.

"There was pomp and show and a succession of gorgeous processions and games in the circus and gladiators done to death." - Glimpses of World History, Page 104

At one side, the poor slave people were sidelined and killed and on the other side, the luxury and enjoyment flourished.

"But behind this pomp was the misery of the masses. There was heavy taxation which fell on the common people chiefly and burden of work fell on the innumerable slaves." - Ibid

The poor slave people became just a trained cow to till the toil. Most often they were treated even worse than that cow.

A. Down-Trodden Government

"Emperor followed emperor, and some were bad and some were very bad. And gradually the army became all-powerful and could make and unmake emperors." - Ibid

- Emperor by emperor, the conditions of the slaves went from worse to worst.

"So it came about that there was bidding to gain the favour of the army and money was squeezed from the masses or from the conquered territories to bribe the army" - Ibid

- The Roman Army became the final word and the money & luxury went after them in the form of bribe.

B. Humans Were Hunted Like Wild Beasts

The 'triumph' of the Rome and its all-powerful army, continued. 

"One of the great sources of revenue was the slave-trade, and there were regular organized slave-hunts by Roman armies in the East" - Ibid

- The economy of Rome was mostly driven by Slave-trade and Slave-hunt.

"Slave merchants accompanied the armies to buy up the slaves on the spot."  - Ibid 

- Slave business flourished under the Roman Empire.

C. Slave Markets

"The island of Delos, sacred to the old Greeks, became a great slave-market, where sometimes as many as 10,000 slaves were sold in a day!" - Ibid

- An entire island became a great slave-market.

"In the great Colosseum of Rome, a popular emperor used to display as many as 1200 gladiators at a time--- slave who were to die to provide sport for the emperor and his people." - Ibid

- Innumerable humans turned slaves turned gladiators had to die to serve the sport of the emperors.

"Roman citizenship was extended to the whole Roman world - but remember that the poor slaves had nothing to do with it" - Ibid

- Slaves were out of the definition of citizenship.

This is a very brief depiction of the historical context of Rome when Mohammad The Messenger of God was deputed as the messenger for all mankind to come.

It is quite evident that slave were among the earliest followers of the messenger of God.

Why Did The Slaves Go To Mohammad The Messenger of God ?

"Islam also gave them a message of brotherhood - of the equality of all those who were Muslims. A measure of democracy was thus placed before the people." - Jawaharlal Nehru, Glimpses of World History, Page 167

A message of brotherhood, a message of equality, a measure of democracy were a few among the great reasons on why these Slaves and Gladiators went to Mohammad The Messenger of God.

- This message of brotherhood was not limited to people of any class.

- This message of brotherhood was not limited to people of any country.

"This message of brotherhood must have had a great appeal, not only for the Arabs, but also for the inhabitants of many countries where they went." - Ibid

People who followed Mohammad The Messenger of God, carried this message of brotherhood wherever they went. They presented it before whomever they met. They delivered this message across continents, round the world.

From The Down-Trodden treatment of this world, from The Bloody Killing Sport of The Roman Empire and from the trenches of this world, those Slaves and Gladiators were elevated to The Highest Echelons of life by The Ever-Powerful, The Ever-Challenging Ideology of Almighty God that was revealed through the words and actions of Mohammad The Messenger of God.

Regards

Nisam

"The Roman Empire sow the seeds of exploitation and disintegration, Mohammed The Messenger of God sow the seeds of Brotherhood and equality, among the slaves and the gladiators."

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